Prostate Ultrasound (TRUS and Micro-US)

What it does

Prostate Ultrasound reads the three kinds of prostate scan a urologist meets: a transrectal (TRUS) sweep, a high-resolution micro-ultrasound cine, and transabdominal images taken during a lower-urinary-tract work-up. The run recognises the approach from the images and reads each accordingly.

On every study it outlines the gland and computes its volume, by the ellipsoid formula from three diameters or from the full 3D outline when a sweep covers the whole gland. When a PSA value is supplied, it divides it by the volume to give PSA density. On micro-ultrasound cine it adds a map of regions suspicious for clinically significant cancer with a PRI-MUS-style score computed from the images.

Intended use

Decision support for the urologist sizing a prostate for treatment planning or for PSA density, and for the operator preparing a targeted biopsy on micro-ultrasound, where the lesion map shows each suspicious region with its score and the frames it was read from.

Who it is for

Urologists and urology residents, radiologists who perform transrectal ultrasound, andrologists, and teams running prostate biopsy services. Developers add the run to urology clinic software and biopsy-planning records.

Accepted input

• Transrectal studies: DICOM Ultrasound Multi-frame sweeps or stills in transverse and sagittal planes.
• Micro-ultrasound: cine from a high-frequency micro-ultrasound system, as exported by the scanner.
• Transabdominal images: transverse and sagittal views of the prostate from a pelvic or urinary-tract scan.

Requirements

Requirement	Why
Transverse and sagittal planes, or a sweep covering the gland	Three diameters are needed for the ellipsoid volume; a full sweep allows a 3D volume
SequenceOfUltrasoundRegions calibration	Diameters and volume in millimetres and millilitres; without it, no volume or PSA density is returned
Micro-ultrasound cine for the lesion section	The suspicion map is built from micro-ultrasound only
A PSA value	PSA density is computed only when PSA is supplied

Optional context

PSA (ng/mL), age and the clinical question (biopsy planning, LUTS work-up, volume before treatment) go in clinical_context.

The result

One JSON result in two sections with measurements and findings. The gland outline is returned as DICOM SEG, and the volume states the method used (ellipsoid or 3D).

Section	Content
Prostate volume	Gland segmentation, three diameters, volume by ellipsoid or 3D outline, and PSA density when PSA is given
Suspicious lesions (micro-US)	Likelihood map of clinically significant cancer on micro-ultrasound with a PRI-MUS-style score per region
Draft report	Opt-in (options.report): an English narrative that interprets the result for the reader (findings, impression, limitations); every number is checked against the findings

Standards

• Micro-ultrasound: PRI-MUS (prostate risk identification using micro-ultrasound), the 1–5 reader scale that the model-computed lesion score mirrors.
• DICOM: SR Measurement Report TID 1500 for diameters, volume and PSA density; SEG for the gland outline; Parametric Map for the suspicion map; GSPS calipers; Encapsulated PDF.

Measurement notes

PSA density is PSA (ng/mL) divided by gland volume (mL), so it inherits the volume method; both are shown together. The ellipsoid volume is length × width × height × 0.52.

Related models

• us/abdomen reads the kidneys and bladder region in a urinary-tract work-up.